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Advances in the Diagnosis and Michael J. Barnish,
DO, FACOI Sponsored by Accreditation The AMNJ is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education for physicians. Credit This activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Essential Areas and Policies. The Academy of Medicine of New Jersey (AMNJ) designates this activity for a maximum of 1 hour in category 1 credit towards the AMA Physician’s Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those hours of credit that he/she actually spent in the educational activity. Disclosure Dr. Barnish has nothing to disclose. He will not be discussing any product that is non-FDA approved or investigational. Target Audience This program is intended for those physicians and health care professionals who care for persons infected with HIV/AIDS. Objectives Upon completion of this activity, you should be able to: o identify at risk populations for HIV infection and counsel patients on high-risk behavior and exposures to HIV. o encourage HIV testing of patients when indicated and be able to adequately explain the implications of a positive test. o understand the types of HIV diagnostic tests available and be familiar with the advantages and limitations of each. o know the advantages of antiretroviral therapeutic intervention for HIV positive pregnant women and how that treatment is administered. o appreciate the issues surrounding confidentiality, notification of exposed persons and reporting. o know how to perform initial staging of an HIV-infected person, including immune status, underlying illnesses and potentially complicating factors including social issues and financial circumstances. o know the extent of follow-up necessary to maintain the health status of an HIV-infected person, including blood test monitoring, social issues, vaccinations and physical examinations. o understand the importance of appropriate antiretroviral therapy in order to prevent resistance and keep viral load as close to undetectable levels as possible. o be able to recognize the advent of a failing drug regimen and be able to initiate appropriate adjustments in therapy. o know how when and how to prophylax against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex. Date of release:
June 1998 Introduction Since the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in 1995, our ability to manage Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) disease in infected patients has improved considerably. Furthermore, the development of more sophisticated laboratory tests, including the assessment of quantitative viral burden with the HIV 1 RNA by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test, and genotypic and phenotypic resistance assays, has allowed providers of HIV care more weapons in the battle to monitor and control this disease. These advances have allowed us to anticipate an average life expectancy of 36 years for a virologically controlled 36-year-old HIV-infected person. This is a marked improvement from the 3-5 year life expectancy seen in the 1980's once a patient developed clinical signs of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). <div align="center"> |
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</div> The fact that we can now have such a profound effect on preserving the health and quality of life of HIV-infected persons makes it incumbent upon us to be able to recognize the risk factors and diagnose new cases of HIV in order to provide the optimal care in the disease's early stages, when the disease is most amenable to medical intervention. This program's aim is to instruct the reader on effectively recognizing risk factors for HIV/AIDS and understanding the basic concepts of its treatment and management.
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