Pregnancy, Pediatrics and HIV Infection:  Guidelines for Your Practice

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1. Which of the following describes HIV counseling and testing requirements in New Jersey?
A. Mandatory HIV counseling and mandatory HIV testing of pregnant women.
B. Mandatory HIV counseling and voluntary HIV testing of pregnant women.
C. Mandatory newborn HIV testing
D. Voluntary HIV counseling and voluntary HIV testing of pregnant women
2. Which of the following approaches can reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission for women who present in labor with unknown HIV serostatus to the delivery team?
A. Emergency C-Section
B. Invasive fetal monitoring
C. Mandatory newborn testing
D. Rapid diagnostic HIV testing with short course therapy for those who test positive.
3. A C-Section is recommended to reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission is which of the following scenarios:
A. All HIV infected women
B. HIV infected pregnant women with viral load < 1,000
C. HIV infected pregnant women with viral load > 1,000
D. HIV infected pregnant women who present in labor with no prenatal care
4. Ideally, antiretroviral therapy solely to reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission should start at which of the following gestational ages?
A. 4 weeks
B. 14 weeks
C. 24 weeks
D. 34 weeks
5. Ideally, HIV counseling should begin at which of the following times for women with HIV infection?
A. Preconceptual
B. First trimester
C. Second trimester
D. Third trimester
E. Postpartum
6. Which of the following is appropriate for infants born to mothers with HIV infection up to 6 weeks of age?
A. Culture for HIV to determine the newborn's HIV status
B. Observation of newborn until HIV status is laboratory proven
C. Neonatal antiretroviral therapy regimen
D. TMP-SMX for PCP prophylaxis
7. Which of the following best describe a major missed opportunity for reducing the risk of vertical HIV transmission in New Jersey?
A. Lack of or inadequate prenatal care
B. Lack of HIV counseling for women in prenatal care
C. Lack of HIV testing among women in prenatal care
D. Lack of use antiretroviral agents among women in prenatal care
8. Which of the following best describes the epidemiology of vertical HIV transmission in New Jersey?
A. Accounts for less that 25% of pediatric HIV/AIDS cases
B. Accounts for 25-50% of pediatric HIV/AIDS cases
C. Accounts for 51-75% of pediatric HIV/AIDS cases
D. Accounts for 76-100% of pediatric HIV/AIDS cases
9. Which of the following obstetrical factors does not increase the risk of vertical HIV transmission?
A. Amniocentesis
B. Chorioamnionitis
C. Elective Caesarian section at 38 weeks gestational age viral load > 1,000
D. Vaginal delivery viral load > 1,000
10. Which of the following maternal risk factors increases the risk of vertical HIV transmission?
A. CD4 lymphocyte count > 500
B. Maternal chronic disease
C. Not using antiretroviral agents
D. Undetectable viral load

Before you submit your test for grading, please complete the following form.

Program Evaluation:

Upon completion of this presentation, I am able to:

Identify risk factors of maternal-infant HIV transmission:

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Apply New Jersey Public Law #174 regarding counseling and testing of all pregnant women:

Yes No

Identify diagnostic testing procedures for infants and children:

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Describe the current epidemiology of HIV infection in children:

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